Sources & Citations
Original guidelines and official references used in the current source review are linked below. Individual approach pages explain the relevant recommendation, population, and limitations. The wider bibliography remains subject to review.
A registry rating, regulatory decision, or mention in a document is different from a clinical guideline recommendation. A pending review does not establish that research is absent or that a treatment is ineffective.
112 original guideline and official source links. The recorded bibliography contains 215 modality sources, 174 philosophy sources, and 100 controversy references; these collections may overlap.
Guidelines and Official Sources
Browse the VA/DoD guideline library, NICE guidance, American Psychological Association guidelines, and WHO’s 2023 mhGAP guideline. The document links below identify the editions used for each source check.
American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021-02-01; JCSM 17(2):255–262; DOI 10.5664/jcsm.8986 · Clinical guideline
Behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia disorder in adultsAmerican Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026-04-13; JCSM 22:56; evidence through June 2025 · Clinical guideline
Combination treatment for chronic insomnia disorder in adultsAmerican Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2018; JCSM 14(6):1041–1055; DOI 10.5664/jcsm.7178 · Professional reference
Position paper for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adultsAmerican College of Physicians · 2016-05-03; Annals of Internal Medicine 165(2) · Clinical guideline
Management of chronic insomnia disorder in adultsAmerican Psychiatric Association · 2020; American Journal of Psychiatry 177(9), September 2020 · Clinical guideline
Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With SchizophreniaAmerican Psychiatric Association · Current information checked September 2026 · Professional reference
Prolonged Grief Disorder: patient and family informationAmerican Psychiatric Association · 2024 publication; book edition 2025 · Clinical guideline
Treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder: Guideline Statements and ImplementationAmerican Psychological Association · Approved March 2018; update in progress · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for Multicomponent Behavioral Treatment of Obesity and Overweight in Children and Adolescents: Current State of the Evidence and Research NeedsAmerican Psychological Association · Approved August 6, 2024 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for Psychological and Other Nonpharmacological Treatment of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in AdultsAmerican Psychological Association · 2019 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Depression Across Three Age CohortsAmerican Psychological Association · 2019 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Depression Across Three Age Cohorts: older adultsAmerican Psychological Association · Approved February 2025; 2025 update · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in AdultsAmerican Psychological Association · 2019 report of the third interdivisional task force · Professional reference
What the evidence shows: psychotherapy relationshipsAmerican Red Cross · Current program information checked September 2026 · Professional reference
Psychological First Aid workshopsAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine / American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry · Released November 2023; journal publication 2024 · Clinical guideline
The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use DisorderAPA Division 29 / Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy · 2018 · Professional reference
The Alliance in Adult Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic SynthesisAssociation for Play Therapy · 2023 · Professional reference
Annual conference learning objectivesBlueprints for Healthy Youth Development, University of Colorado Boulder · Current profile checked 2026-09-06; no revision date shown · Evidence registry
Functional Family Therapy (FFT): program profileCalifornia Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare · Current record checked September 2026 · Evidence registry
Child-Parent Psychotherapy: program ratingsCalifornia Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare · Research reviewed September 2024 · Evidence registry
Child-Parent Relationship Therapy: program ratingsCalifornia Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare · Research reviewed April 2026 · Evidence registry
Theraplay: program ratingsCollege of Paediatrics and Child Health, Academy of Medicine Singapore · Second edition, June 2023 · Clinical guideline
Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Executive SummaryCollege of Paediatrics and Child Health, Academy of Medicine Singapore · Second edition, June 2023; final document posted July 2023 · Clinical guideline
Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: Main Guideline DocumentEuropean Association of Urology · 2026 edition; sections 5.6.4 and 5.6.12 · Clinical guideline
Sexual and Reproductive Health: Management of Erectile DysfunctionInternational Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation · 2011 · Clinical guideline
Guidelines for Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder in Adults, Third RevisionInternational Society for Traumatic Stress Studies · Final version, 2018-11-02 · Clinical guideline
Evidence summary: psychological treatments for PTSD in adultsJapanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology · 20 July 2021; public information · Professional reference
Psychotherapy: explanation from the psychotherapy committeeJoint Commission · March 12, 2024 · Professional reference
Study Evaluates Prevalence of Four Recommended Practices for Suicide PreventionNational Institute on Drug Abuse · 2003; Therapy Manual 5; NIH publication 03-4751 · Professional reference
Brief Strategic Family Therapy for Adolescent Drug AbuseNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) · Revised January 2018 · Professional reference
Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide, Third EditionNederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie; multidisciplinary guideline · 2022-08-29; validity assessed 2022-08-26 · Clinical guideline
Psychotherapie bij persoonlijkheidsstoornissenNICE · 2021 surveillance of CG128, CG142 and CG170 · Professional reference
2021 surveillance: autism guidelines, Appendix ANICE · 2011 · Clinical guideline
Alcohol-use disorders: diagnosis, assessment and management (CG115)NICE · 2013; current recommendation page retrieved 2026-09-06 · Clinical guideline
Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people (CG158)NICE · 2018; last updated 2019; adult recommendations marked 2018, current page retrieved 2026-09-06 · Clinical guideline
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management (NG87)NICE · 2009; updated presentation 2024 · Clinical guideline
Borderline personality disorder: recognition and management (CG78)NICE · 2011; updated 2014 · Research recommendations
CG115 recommendations for researchNICE · 2017 · Professional reference
CG158: four-year surveillance, child-centred play therapyNICE · 2018 · Professional reference
CG78: 2018 surveillance, Appendix ANICE · 2009 · Research recommendations
CG78: recommendations for researchNICE · 2015 · Clinical guideline
Children’s attachment (NG26)NICE · 2021-04-07 · Clinical guideline
Chronic pain (primary and secondary) in over 16s (NG193)NICE · 2023-10-18 · Clinical guideline
Daridorexant for treating long-term insomnia (TA922)NICE · 2018; current recommendation page retrieved 2026-09-06 · Clinical guideline
Dementia: assessment, management and support (NG97)NICE · 2022 · Clinical guideline
Depression in adults: treatment and management (NG222)NICE · July 2017 consultation draft, not final guidance · Professional reference
Depression in adults: treatment and management, short version DRAFTNICE · 2007; current indexed recommendation page checked 2026-09-06 · Clinical guideline
Drug misuse in over 16s: psychosocial interventions (CG51)NICE · 2017; updated 2020; current recommendation page retrieved 2026-09-06 · Clinical guideline
Eating disorders: recognition and treatment (NG69)NICE · 2011; updated 2020 · Clinical guideline
Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults (CG113)NICE · 2008; updated 2017 · Clinical guideline
Irritable bowel syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management (CG61)NICE · 2005-11-29 · Clinical guideline
Obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: treatment (CG31)NICE · 2018-12-05 · Clinical guideline
Post-traumatic stress disorder (NG116)NICE · 2014; updated 4 September 2026; psychological recommendations retain 2009/2014 dates · Clinical guideline
Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management (CG178)NICE · 2022 · Clinical guideline
Self-harm: assessment, management and preventing recurrence (NG225)SAMHSA · Updated 2019; PEP19-02-01-003 · Professional reference
Enhancing motivation for change in substance use disorder treatment (TIP 35)SAMHSA · Resource updated April 2025; guide second edition, 2006 · Professional reference
Psychological First Aid Field Operations Guide: resource listingSAMHSA · 2021 advisory; PEP20-06-04-008 · Professional reference
Screening and treatment of substance use disorders among adolescentsSAMHSA · 2020 update · Professional reference
TIP 39: Substance Use Disorder Treatment and Family Therapy, Chapter 3SAMHSA · Resource directory entry, 2025-02-21 · Professional reference
Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy: NCTSN resource listingSAMHSA · 2020 · Professional reference
Treatment for Suicidal Ideation, Self-Harm, and Suicide Attempts Among YouthSAMHSA · January 2025 · Regulatory source
Using SAMHSA Funds to Implement Evidence-Based Contingency Management ServicesSAMHSA / Center for Substance Abuse Treatment · 1999 · Professional reference
TIP 34: Brief Interventions and Brief Therapies for Substance Abuse, Chapter 4Society of Clinical Psychology (American Psychological Association Division 12) · Archived Chambless treatment page; checked 2026-09-06 · Evidence registry
Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies for Generalized Anxiety DisorderSociety of Clinical Psychology (American Psychological Association Division 12) · Archived Chambless treatment page; checked 2026-09-06 · Evidence registry
Problem-Solving Therapy for DepressionSociety of Clinical Psychology (APA Division 12; American Psychological Association) · Current archive, 1998 criteria; 2015 re-evaluation pending · Evidence registry
Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic painSociety of Clinical Psychology (APA Division 12; American Psychological Association) · Current archive, 1998 criteria; 2015 re-evaluation pending · Evidence registry
Acceptance and commitment therapy for depressionSociety of Clinical Psychology (APA Division 12; American Psychological Association) · Current archive, 1998 criteria; 2015 re-evaluation pending · Evidence registry
Behavioral activation for depressionSociety of Clinical Psychology (APA Division 12; American Psychological Association) · Current archive, 1998 criteria; 2015 re-evaluation pending · Evidence registry
Cognitive therapy for depressionSociety of Clinical Psychology (APA Division 12; American Psychological Association) · Current archive, 1998 criteria; 2015 re-evaluation pending · Evidence registry
Dialectical behavior therapy for BPDSociety of Clinical Psychology (APA Division 12; American Psychological Association) · Current archive, 1998 criteria; 2015 re-evaluation pending · Evidence registry
Emotion-focused therapy for depressionSociety of Clinical Psychology (APA Division 12; American Psychological Association) · Current archive, 1998 criteria; 2015 re-evaluation pending · Evidence registry
Emotionally focused couples therapySociety of Clinical Psychology (APA Division 12; American Psychological Association) · Current record: Strong under both 1998 and 2015 criteria · Evidence registry
Exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorderSociety of Clinical Psychology (APA Division 12; American Psychological Association) · Current archive, 1998 criteria; 2015 re-evaluation pending · Evidence registry
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapySociety of Clinical Psychology (APA Division 12; American Psychological Association) · The Clinical Psychologist, volume 48, no. 1, Winter 1995 · Evidence registry
Task Force report: examples of empirically validated treatmentsUS Department of Veterans Affairs · Current official program page checked 2026-09-06 · Professional reference
VA Puget Sound, Seattle Psychology Postdoctoral Fellowship Program: Couple Therapy ServicesUS Department of Veterans Affairs / Department of Defense · Version 3.0, April 2024 · Clinical guideline
Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for SuicideUS Department of Veterans Affairs / Department of Defense · Version 3.0; February 2022; evidence through 2021-02-01 · Clinical guideline
Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back PainUS Department of Veterans Affairs / Department of Defense · Version 4.0; September 2025; evidence through January 2025 · Clinical guideline
Management of Adult Overweight and ObesityUS Department of Veterans Affairs / Department of Defense · Version 3.0; January 2025; evidence through 2024-03-31; current PDF filename dated 2025-09-15 · Clinical guideline
Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder and Obstructive Sleep ApneaUS Department of Veterans Affairs / Department of Defense · Version 3.0; September 2023; evidence through 2022-08-16 · Clinical guideline
Management of HeadacheUS Department of Veterans Affairs / Department of Defense · 2023 · Clinical guideline
PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder: Provider SummaryUS Department of Veterans Affairs / Department of Defense · Version 1.0; June 2024; evidence through 2023-04-07 · Clinical guideline
TinnitusUS Department of Veterans Affairs / Department of Defense · Version 4.0; May 2022; evidence through April 2021 · Clinical guideline
Use of Opioids in the Management of Chronic PainUS Food and Drug Administration · 2026-04-24 · Regulatory source
FDA accelerates action on treatments for serious mental illness following Executive OrderUS Food and Drug Administration · 2024-08-08; Reference ID 5427030 · Regulatory source
NDA 215455: midomafetamine complete response letterUS Food and Drug Administration · Revised March 2019; Reference ID 4399464 · Regulatory source
SPRAVATO (esketamine) original prescribing informationUS National Library of Medicine · Manual published September 2003 · Professional reference
Brief Strategic Family Therapy: original manual catalogue recordVA/DoD · Version 3.0, April 2024; online recommendation summary · Clinical guideline
Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide: Recommendation 8 (CAMS)VA/DoD · Version 3.0, April 2024; online recommendation summary · Clinical guideline
Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide: Recommendation 9 (DBT)VA/DoD · August 2026 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension in Primary CareVA/DoD · 2023 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of PTSD and Acute Stress DisorderVA/DoD · May 2024; version 5.0 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Stroke RehabilitationVA/DoD · June 2021; version 3.0 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management and Rehabilitation of Post-Acute Mild Traumatic Brain InjuryVA/DoD · May 2021; version 3.0 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Chronic Multisymptom IllnessVA/DoD · Version 4.0, July 2023 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of PregnancyVA/DoD · August 2021; version 5.0 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Substance Use DisordersVA/DoD · May 2026 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Non-Surgical Management of Hip and Knee OsteoarthritisVA/DoD · March 2025; version 4.0 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Primary Care Management of AsthmaVA/DoD · January 2026; version 3.0 · Clinical guideline
Clinical Practice Guideline for Tobacco Use TreatmentVA/DoD · Version 2.0, May 2023; evidence through December 2021 · Clinical guideline
Management of Bipolar DisorderVA/DoD · 2023; full PDF labelled Version 2.0, April 2023 · Clinical guideline
Management of First-Episode Psychosis and SchizophreniaVA/DoD · Version 4.0, February 2022; evidence through January 2021 · Clinical guideline
Management of Major Depressive DisorderVA/DoD · Version 6.0, May 2023 · Clinical guideline
Management of Type 2 Diabetes MellitusVA/DoD · Version 5.0, April 2025 · Clinical guideline
Primary Care Management of Chronic Kidney DiseaseWorld Health Organization · Third edition, 20 November 2023 · Clinical guideline
Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) guideline for mental, neurological and substance use disordersWorld Health Organization · 2023 evidence profile; file 2023-12-20 · Professional reference
mhGAP evidence profile STR1/STR2: PTSD psychological interventionsWorld Health Organization · 2023 new recommendation · Clinical guideline
mhGAP: brief structured psychological interventions for anxietyWorld Health Organization · 2023 update · Clinical guideline
mhGAP: brief structured psychological treatment for depressionWorld Health Organization · 2023 new recommendation · Clinical guideline
mhGAP: delivery format of brief structured psychological interventionsWorld Health Organization · 2023 update · Clinical guideline
mhGAP: psychological interventions for adults with PTSDWorld Health Organization · 2023 update; earlier 2012 recommendation · Clinical guideline
Psychosocial support for psychostimulant use disordersWorld Health Organization · 2012 recommendation · Clinical guideline
Support based on psychological first aid principles after a traumatic eventRecorded Clinical Bibliography
Philosophy Sources
Controversy References
Sources cited for publicly documented incidents involving modalities, founders, and organizations.