Conditions & Presenting Issues

22 clinical conditions, each mapped to the therapeutic modalities that treat them. Treatments are ranked by evidence tier — guideline-recommended, RCT-supported, or emerging — so you can see not just what options exist but how strong the case is for each one. Every condition page links to the modalities that address it, the vignettes that illustrate it, and the philosophical disagreements about how to understand it.

Mood

Depression & Mood Disorders

Persistent low mood, loss of interest, fatigue, sleep/appetite disruption, and cognitive changes. Includes major depressive disorder, persis…

81 modalities 14 guideline-recommended

~8% of US adults in any given year; ~20% lifetime

Depressive Disorders / Bipolar Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Suicidality & Self-Harm

Suicidal ideation, planning, attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury. Not a diagnosis itself but a clinical priority cutting across many cond…

10 modalities 4 guideline-recommended

~5% of adults have serious suicidal thoughts in a given year (US)

Cross-cutting; suicidal behavior disorder proposed in DSM-5-TR Section III

Anxiety

Anxiety Disorders

Excessive worry, fear, or avoidance that interferes with daily functioning. Includes generalized anxiety (GAD), panic disorder, social anxie…

68 modalities 2 guideline-recommended

~19% of US adults in any given year; ~31% lifetime

Anxiety Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

OCD

OCD & Related Disorders

Intrusive obsessions and/or compulsive behaviors. Includes OCD, body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding, trichotillomania, and excoriation. ERP i…

6 modalities 2 guideline-recommended

~2-3% lifetime for OCD

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Trauma & Dissociation

PTSD & Acute Trauma

Intrusions, avoidance, negative cognitions/mood, and hyperarousal following exposure to a traumatic event. Includes PTSD and acute stress di…

53 modalities 10 guideline-recommended

~6% lifetime; higher in combat veterans, assault survivors

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Complex Trauma / Developmental Trauma

Emotional dysregulation, negative self-concept, and relational difficulties following prolonged or repeated trauma, often in childhood. ICD-…

39 modalities 2 guideline-recommended

Prevalence uncertain; common in clinical populations

Not a separate DSM-5-TR diagnosis; overlaps PTSD, personality disorders

Dissociative Disorders

Disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. Includes DID, depersonalization/derealization, and dissociative amnesia. Ofte…

10 modalities 1 guideline-recommended

~2% for pathological dissociation; higher in trauma populations

Dissociative Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Personality & Relational

Personality Disorders

Enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate from cultural expectations, are pervasive and inflexible, and cause distress…

24 modalities 4 guideline-recommended

~10% general population; ~40-60% of clinical populations

Personality Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Attachment & Relational Patterns

Insecure attachment styles (anxious, avoidant, disorganized) that create recurring difficulties in relationships, emotion regulation, and se…

45 modalities 2 guideline-recommended

~40-50% of adults have insecure attachment

Not a DSM diagnosis; relational patterns underlie many conditions

Couples & Relationship Distress

Communication breakdown, conflict patterns, emotional disconnection, infidelity, and attachment injuries. EFT, Gottman Method, and IBCT have…

17 modalities 2 guideline-recommended

~40-50% of marriages end in divorce; relationship distress extremely common

Not a mental disorder; V/Z codes in DSM-5-TR

Substance Use & Eating

Substance Use & Addictions

Compulsive use despite consequences, tolerance, withdrawal, and functional impairment. Includes alcohol, opioids, stimulants, cannabis, and …

29 modalities 6 guideline-recommended

~17% for any SUD in past year (US)

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Eating Disorders

Severe disturbances in eating behaviors and related thoughts/emotions. Includes anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, an…

13 modalities 2 guideline-recommended

~5% lifetime; highest mortality of any mental disorder (anorexia)

Feeding and Eating Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Psychosis

Psychosis & Schizophrenia Spectrum

Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking/behavior, and negative symptoms. Psychotherapy is typically adjunct to medication. CBTp has…

6 modalities 2 guideline-recommended

~1% lifetime for schizophrenia; ~3% for psychotic experiences

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Neurodevelopmental

Adult ADHD

Persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that began in childhood and continue to cause functional impairment in…

~4-5% of US adults; ~2.5% worldwide; widely considered underdiagnosed

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (DSM-5-TR)

Autism & Neurodevelopmental

Differences in social communication, sensory processing, and behavioral flexibility. Therapeutic approaches range from behavioral (ABA) to d…

2 modalities 1 guideline-recommended

~2.8% of children (CDC, 2023)

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Children & Families

Child & Adolescent Behavioral Problems

Oppositional behavior, aggression, conduct problems, and emotional dysregulation in youth. Includes ODD, conduct disorder, and ADHD-related …

20 modalities 8 guideline-recommended

~8% for ODD; ~4% for conduct disorder

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Body & Medical

Chronic Pain & Somatic Symptoms

Persistent pain or somatic symptoms with significant psychological components. Includes somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety, and chron…

20 modalities 2 guideline-recommended

~20% of adults have chronic pain; ~5-7% high-impact chronic pain

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Insomnia & Sleep Disorders

Persistent difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, or nonrestorative sleep that impairs daytime functioning. In…

~10-15% chronic insomnia; ~30% intermittent insomnia symptoms in US adults

Sleep-Wake Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

Perinatal Mental Health

Mental health difficulties arising during pregnancy or the first year postpartum. Includes perinatal depression, perinatal anxiety, postpart…

~15-20% of birthing parents; higher in low-income populations and those with prior mental health history

Peripartum Onset Specifier across multiple disorder categories (DSM-5-TR)

Sexual Dysfunction & Intimacy Concerns

Difficulties with sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, pain during sex, or overall sexual satisfaction that cause personal distress or interperso…

~30-40% of adults report some form of sexual difficulty; prevalence varies by specific condition, age, and gender

Sexual Dysfunctions (DSM-5-TR)

Existential

Existential & Meaning-Making Concerns

Questions about purpose, mortality, freedom, isolation, and meaning — particularly during life transitions, terminal illness, or crises. Not…

Universal human concern; heightened during transitions and illness

Not a mental disorder; may overlap adjustment disorders, V/Z codes

Grief & Loss

Normal and complicated grief following bereavement, other losses, or life transitions. Prolonged grief disorder is now a DSM-5-TR diagnosis.…

23 modalities 2 guideline-recommended

~10% of bereaved develop prolonged grief

Prolonged Grief Disorder (DSM-5-TR, new in TR)