Modalities / Cognitive-Behavioral

ERP

Victor Meyer · 1966
Key text: Foa & Kozak (1986)
Cognitive-Behavioral Focus: Behavioral Short-term Individual

Core Mechanism

Prolonged exposure to obsessional triggers without compulsive response produces habituation and inhibitory learning

Ontology

Obsessions are maintained by compulsive neutralization; avoidance prevents disconfirmation

Therapeutic Voice

"I know touching the doorknob without washing feels unbearable right now. Can you stay with that feeling and let it be?"

View of the Person

An organism whose avoidance maintains fear; exposure permits new learning that inhibits old associations


Evidence

NICE: recommended for OCD. APA Div 12: Strong Research Support

30+ RCTs

Cochrane review; multiple meta-analyses

Gold standard for OCD. Very strong evidence base.

OCD & Related Disorders
Effect: d = 1.13
~60-70% significant improvement
Öst et al., 2015 (2015)

Conditions

Epistemology

Empiricist

Blind Spots

Highly effective for OCD but narrow in scope; exposure without relational attunement can feel mechanical

Contraindications

Active suicidality, active psychosis, severe depression that prevents engagement in exposure tasks, untreated PTSD where OCD exposures overlap with trauma content, clients who have not given informed consent to tolerate distress


Training

Graduate CBT training + specialized ERP for OCD training. IOCDF resources

BTTI through IOCDF

BTTI: 3 days + supervised ERP cases

$1K-3K


Philosophical Roots

Mowrer (two-factor theory); Pavlov (classical conditioning); Rachman (habituation); Craske (inhibitory learning); empiricism broadly

Related Modalities


Clinical Vignettes

See how ERP formulates these cases:

Test Yourself

Why is response prevention essential for OCD?

Show answer

Must refrain from compulsions, letting anxiety decrease naturally.


Sources