Clinical Hypnotherapy

By Milton Erickson Founded 1950
Key text Erickson (various)
Integrative Focus: Experiential + Skill Short-term Individual

Core Mechanism

Induction plus targeted suggestion modifies pain perception, habits, and anxiety responses; how much any given client responds depends heavily on baseline hypnotizability, a fairly stable trait, and whether the effect runs through a distinct trance state or through expectancy and absorption is the field's oldest unsettled argument

Ontology

Automatic processes (pain, anxiety, habits) can be modified through suggestion in altered states of consciousness

Therapeutic Voice

"You can hear my voice, and you can feel the chair taking your weight, and you don't have to do anything with that hand until it's ready to move on its own."

View of the Person

A divided subject. Much of what feels involuntary, including pain, habit, and dread, runs below the executive self and can be addressed directly, without the conscious agent's agreement or even its notice.


Evidence

NICE: referenced for IBS

Multiple RCTs for pain, IBS

Cochrane reviews for specific conditions

Strong evidence for pain management, IBS. Less evidence as standalone psychotherapy.


Conditions

Epistemology

EmpiricistPhenomenological

Blind Spots

Suggestibility varies widely; misconceptions about control create resistance; narrow evidence base beyond pain and IBS

Contraindications

Active psychosis, dissociative identity disorder without stabilization, severe PTSD where trance induction risks retraumatization, epilepsy (relative), clients with strong objections to altered states of consciousness, forensic contexts where suggestibility concerns apply


Training

Licensed health professional (psychologist, physician, social worker, counselor, dentist, nurse). Training through ASCH (American Society of Clinical Hypnosis) or SCEH (Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis).

ASCH: Certification in Clinical Hypnosis: basic workshop (20 hrs) + advanced workshop (20 hrs) + 20 hrs consultation + 2 years clinical practice with hypnosis + examination.

ASCH: 40 hrs workshop training + 20 hrs consultation + 2 years practice minimum

$1.5K–4K for workshop training; consultation fees additional; certification application ~$250

Find a Trained Therapist


Philosophical Roots

Erickson (utilization: work with whatever the patient brings, resistance included); Mesmer (animal magnetism, the discredited origin); Braid (renamed it hypnotism and moved the cause from a magnetic fluid to the subject's own nervous system); Janet (dissociation); James (subliminal consciousness); Hilgard (neodissociation, the hidden observer)

Related Modalities


Clinical Hypnotherapy in 1 Comparative Clinical Vignette

Each vignette presents the same client through multiple theoretical lenses side by side — showing how Clinical Hypnotherapy formulates presenting problems, sets treatment focus, and sounds in the consulting room compared with other approaches. This comparative pedagogy is unique to Epoché Clinical; no other clinical reference systematically formulates the same case across traditions.

Test Yourself

Ericksonian vs. direct hypnosis?

Show answer

Direct: formal commands. Ericksonian: indirect, conversational, utilizing what client brings.


Sources

Adler, S.P., et al. (2021). Clinical hypnosis for chronic pain: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 69(3), 279-309.