ERP

By Victor Meyer Founded 1966
Key text Foa & Kozak (1986)
Cognitive-Behavioral Focus: Behavioral Short-term Individual

Core Mechanism

Prolonged exposure to obsessional triggers without compulsive response produces habituation and inhibitory learning

Ontology

Obsessions are maintained by compulsive neutralization; avoidance prevents disconfirmation

Therapeutic Voice

"I know touching the doorknob without washing feels unbearable right now. Can you stay with that feeling and let it be?"

View of the Person

An organism whose avoidance maintains fear; exposure permits new learning that inhibits old associations


Evidence

NICE: recommended for OCD. APA Div 12: Strong Research Support

30+ RCTs

Cochrane review; multiple meta-analyses

Gold standard for OCD. Very strong evidence base.

OCD & Related Disorders
Effect: d = 1.13
~60-70% significant improvement
Öst et al., 2015 (2015)

Conditions

Epistemology

Empiricist

Blind Spots

Highly effective for OCD but narrow in scope; exposure without relational attunement can feel mechanical

Contraindications

Active suicidality, active psychosis, severe depression that prevents engagement in exposure tasks, untreated PTSD where OCD exposures overlap with trauma content, clients who have not given informed consent to tolerate distress


Training

Graduate CBT training + specialized ERP for OCD training. IOCDF resources

BTTI through IOCDF

BTTI: 3 days + supervised ERP cases

$1K-3K


Philosophical Roots

Mowrer (two-factor theory); Pavlov (classical conditioning); Rachman (habituation); Craske (inhibitory learning); empiricism broadly

Related Modalities


ERP in 1 Comparative Clinical Vignette

Each vignette presents the same client through multiple theoretical lenses side by side — showing how ERP formulates presenting problems, sets treatment focus, and sounds in the consulting room compared with other approaches. This comparative pedagogy is unique to Epoché Clinical; no other clinical reference systematically formulates the same case across traditions.

Test Yourself

Why is response prevention essential for OCD?

Show answer

Must refrain from compulsions, letting anxiety decrease naturally.


Sources