Modalities / Family Systems

MST

Scott Henggeler · 1998
Key text: Multisystemic Therapy (1998)
Family Systems Focus: Systemic + Behavioral Short (3-5 months) Family + Community

Core Mechanism

Intensive home-based intervention targets multiple ecological systems (family, peer, school) maintaining antisocial behavior

Ontology

Antisocial behavior maintained by factors across ecological systems — not just the individual youth

Therapeutic Voice

"Let's talk about what's working in this family, because that's where we build from."

View of the Person

A youth embedded in multiple systems (family, peer, school, community) that jointly maintain or restrain behavior


Evidence

NICE: recommended for conduct disorder. SAMHSA: listed

25+ RCTs across countries

Van der Stouwe et al. (2014)

Very strong evidence for juvenile antisocial behavior.

Child & Adolescent Behavioral Problems
Effect: d = 0.47
~25-70% reduction in arrests
Van der Stouwe et al., 2014 (2014)

Conditions

Epistemology

EmpiricistPragmatist

Blind Spots

Extremely resource-intensive; requires 24/7 therapist availability; limited outside juvenile justice populations

Contraindications

Families unwilling to participate, youth not living with any identifiable family or caregiver system, active psychosis in the youth, cases where the primary issue is the caregiver's own severe mental illness


Training

Organizational licensure required. 5-day training + ongoing weekly consultation + fidelity monitoring

MST Services (MUSC) — organizational model only

5-day initial + weekly consultation ongoing

Organizational licensing

Equity & Cultural Adaptations

BIPOC-adapted researchYouth-adapted

Philosophical Roots

Bronfenbrenner (ecological systems theory); Haley (strategic family therapy); Minuchin (structural family therapy); pragmatism (what works in context)

Related Modalities

Test Yourself

What makes MST unique?

Show answer

Home-based, small caseloads, 24/7 availability, targeting all systems.


Sources

Van der Stouwe, T., et al. (2014). Effectiveness of MST: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(6), 468-481.