Modalities / Trauma-Focused

Narrative Exposure Therapy

Schauer / Neuner / Elbert · 2004
Key text: NET (2011)
Trauma-Focused Focus: Processing + Narrative Short (8-12) Individual

Core Mechanism

Chronological narration of life events integrates traumatic memories (hot) into autobiographical context (cold memory)

Ontology

Trauma fragments sensory-affective memory networks disconnected from autobiographical context

Therapeutic Voice

"We're going to lay out the lifeline. Place this flower for a good time, this stone for something painful."

View of the Person

A biographical being whose traumatic memories need integration into a coherent life narrative


Evidence

WHO: mentioned for PTSD in conflict settings

15+ RCTs

Lely et al. (2019)

Strong evidence for refugees and multiply-traumatized populations.

PTSD & Acute Trauma
Effect: d = 0.76
~55-70% no longer meet criteria
Lely et al., 2019 (2019)

Conditions

Epistemology

EmpiricistPhenomenological

Blind Spots

Designed for multiple/organized violence — may not fit single-incident civilian trauma; limited availability outside humanitarian contexts

Contraindications

Active psychosis, imminent suicidality, active substance dependence, severe dissociation, clients who cannot tolerate chronological recounting of multiple traumatic events


Training

NET training workshop (5 days). Designed for refugees and organized violence survivors

Vivo International

35-40 hrs + supervised cases

$1.5K-3K

Equity & Cultural Adaptations

Refugee/displacement populationsCross-cultural adaptationsBIPOC-adapted research

Philosophical Roots

Testimony tradition (Cienfuegos & Monelli); human rights discourse; Ricoeur (narrative identity); Breuer & Freud (catharsis through narration)

Related Modalities


Clinical Vignettes

See how Narrative Exposure Therapy formulates these cases:

Test Yourself

What is the lifeline exercise?

Show answer

Laying a rope as one's life, placing flowers and stones — then narrating each.


Sources

Lely, J.C.G., et al. (2019). Effectiveness of NET: A review. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1550344.
WHO. (2013). Guidelines for the management of conditions specifically related to stress.