Modalities / Trauma-Focused

Written Exposure Therapy

Sloan / Marx · 2019
Key text: WET for PTSD (2019)
Trauma-Focused Focus: Processing Very short (5) Individual

Core Mechanism

Brief written exposure to trauma memory without homework or processing produces habituation and cognitive change (proposed)

Ontology

Same fear structure model as PE; written narrative activates and modifies trauma memory

Therapeutic Voice

"Write about the worst moment of the trauma for 30 minutes. Include every detail you remember."

View of the Person

A narrative being who can process trauma through written confrontation with the memory


Evidence

VA/DoD 2023: Suggested (weak for) PTSD

3+ RCTs

Included in PTSD meta-analyses

VA/DoD 2023 suggests WET. Attractive for efficiency.

PTSD & Acute Trauma
Effect: Non-inferior to CPT
~50-60% no longer meet criteria
Sloan et al., 2018 (2018)

Conditions

Epistemology

Empiricist

Blind Spots

Very brief protocol may be insufficient for complex presentations; limited therapist contact compared to PE

Contraindications

Active psychosis, severe dissociation, clients unable to write or with severe literacy limitations, acute suicidality, clients who require the relational support of verbal trauma processing


Training

5-session manualized protocol. Graduate trauma training + manual sufficient

No formal certification

4-8 hrs; manual study

Minimal


Philosophical Roots

Same theoretical base as PE (Foa — emotional processing); Pennebaker (expressive writing research); narrative psychology (writing organizes experience)

Related Modalities

Test Yourself

How does WET differ from PE?

Show answer

Only 5 writing sessions vs 8-15. No homework, no in-vivo exposure.


Sources