Modalities / Postmodern

Narrative Therapy

Michael White / David Epston · 1990
Key text: Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends (1990)
Postmodern Focus: Narrative + Relational Short-medium Indiv + Family + Community

Core Mechanism

Externalizing problems + re-authoring preferred identity narratives through unique outcomes

Ontology

Dominant cultural narratives constrain identity; problems are social/linguistic constructions, not internal pathology

Therapeutic Voice

"So depression has been telling you that you're worthless. When has there been a time when you didn't believe depression's story?"

View of the Person

A self constituted by stories — dominant narratives constrain identity, and re-authoring is possible


Evidence

Not listed in major guidelines

Limited RCTs; some in specific populations

No comprehensive meta-analysis

Philosophical tension with RCT methodology. Some studies in grief and children.

Depression & Mood Disorders
Effect: Limited RCT data
Qualitative evidence strong
White & Epston, 1990 (1990)

Conditions

Epistemology

ConstructivistCritical

Blind Spots

Can feel intellectually abstract; political framing may not resonate with all clients; limited controlled research

Contraindications

Active psychosis with severely impaired narrative coherence, acute crisis requiring immediate stabilization, severe cognitive impairment, young children without sufficient language development for narrative co-construction


Training

Graduate training + workshops. No formal certification required

Dulwich Centre offers intensives; no certification

Graduate coursework + workshops

$500-3K for intensives

Equity & Cultural Adaptations

Cross-cultural adaptationsAddresses systemic powerBIPOC-adapted researchRefugee/displacement populationsMen's mental health adaptationsDisability/chronic illness affirming

Philosophical Roots

Foucault (power/knowledge, subjugated knowledges); Ricoeur (narrative identity); Derrida (deconstruction); Bruner (narrative as mode of knowing); Bateson (ecology of mind); social constructionism

Related Modalities


Clinical Vignettes

See how Narrative Therapy formulates these cases:

Test Yourself

What is externalization?

Show answer

Separating person from problem — 'the anger' not 'your anger problem.'


Sources

White, M. & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends. Norton.