KAP vs PSIP

A side-by-side comparison of recorded mechanisms, evidence review status, related condition topics, and philosophical roots.

At a glance

Source checks, condition-specific assessments and expert review are separate steps. Each assessment applies only to its stated population and use. Topic links do not establish comparative effectiveness.

KAP

Tradition
Psychedelic
Founder
Various (Wolfson, Bennett) (2010)
Review status
7 source checks available
Official sources
Guidelines and official sources (7)

6 clinical guideline checks · 1 regulatory source check

Read the recommendation and its scope. A source may discuss an approach without recommending it.

  • SPRAVATO (esketamine) original prescribing information

    US Food and Drug Administration · Revised March 2019; Reference ID 4399464 · Regulatory source · Section 1; original label page 3

    Not a treatment recommendation

    The historical drug indication is verified. It does not establish approval or guideline endorsement of KAP. This original label is not current prescribing information.

    Scope: Esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant for adult TRD in 2019

    Source checked

  • Management of Major Depressive Disorder

    VA/DoD · Version 4.0, February 2022; evidence through January 2021 · Clinical guideline · Recommendation 19

    Discussed in the source

    VA/DoD weakly suggests ketamine or esketamine augmentation. The recommendation concerns medication, not a named KAP psychotherapy protocol.

    Scope: MDD after several adequate pharmacological trials have failed

    Source checked

  • Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder

    VA/DoD · 2023 · Clinical guideline · Recommendation 18; Table 6, p.37

    Discussed in the source

    VA/DoD weakly recommends against ketamine for PTSD. The statement concerns medication and does not separately evaluate KAP.

    Scope: Ketamine pharmacotherapy for adult PTSD; not a separate KAP psychotherapy assessment.

    Source checked

  • Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide

    US Department of Veterans Affairs / Department of Defense · Version 3.0, April 2024 · Clinical guideline · Recommendations 12 and 13; Table 5, p.38

    Discussed in the source

    VA/DoD weakly supports ketamine infusion for short-term ideation reduction; evidence for preventing attempts or suicide is insufficient. KAP is not separately recommended.

    Scope: Adjunctive ketamine infusion in adults aged 18 and over with major depression and suicidal ideation; medication rather than KAP psychotherapy.

    Source checked

  • Management of Major Depressive Disorder

    VA/DoD · Version 4.0, February 2022; evidence through January 2021 · Clinical guideline · Recommendation 12; pp.24,39–41

    Discussed in the source

    VA/DoD suggests against ketamine/esketamine as initial pharmacotherapy (weak against). Its separate augmentation recommendation concerns prior treatment failure; neither recommendation endorses a named KAP psychotherapy protocol.

    Scope: Adults choosing initial medication treatment for MDD.

    Source checked

  • Management of Bipolar Disorder

    VA/DoD · Version 2.0, May 2023; evidence through December 2021 · Clinical guideline · Recommendation 16; p.34

    Discussed in the source

    VA/DoD finds insufficient evidence for ketamine/esketamine alone or as adjuncts. The recommendation concerns medication and does not endorse KAP psychotherapy.

    Scope: Adults with acute bipolar depression.

    Source checked

  • Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults

    American Psychological Association · Approved February 2025; 2025 update · Clinical guideline · Psychedelic interventions, printed p.14 (PDF p.18)

    Discussed in the source

    APA reports insufficient evidence for ketamine in these comparisons. This is a drug-level finding, not a separate evaluation of the KAP psychotherapy protocol.

    Scope: Adults with PTSD; ketamine compared with an active or inactive intervention.

    Source checked

Focus
Experiential + Processing
Format
Individual
Duration
Short-medium

PSIP

Tradition
Psychedelic
Founder
Saj Razvi (2016)
Review status
Assessment not yet completed
Focus
Experiential + Somatic
Format
Individual
Duration
Medium-term

How they work

KAP

Core mechanism: Ketamine's dissociative state, and the plasticity that follows it, are treated as a window for psychotherapeutic processing and new learning; the window is proposed rather than demonstrated

Ontology: Treatment-resistant conditions involve rigid neural patterns; ketamine disrupts rigidity and opens plasticity window

PSIP

Core mechanism: As theorized by its developer and not yet tested: cannabis or ketamine induces a primary consciousness state + active therapist relational engagement with the somatic defense cascade + completion of truncated survival responses is said to reorganize autonomic patterning. No link in that chain has been examined outside the training institute's own materials.

Ontology: Complex trauma is stored in autonomic nervous system defense patterns inaccessible to ordinary consciousness; psychedelic medicine provides access while relational attunement provides corrective experience

Related condition topics

These editorial cross-references organize reading. A shared link does not mean both approaches are effective, recommended, or interchangeable for that condition.

2 shared · 2 KAP-only · 2 PSIP-only

What each assumes — and misses

KAP

Philosophical roots: James (varieties of religious experience: altered states as data); Grof (non-ordinary states); Wolfson (ketamine as psychedelic medicine rather than anesthetic adjunct); neuroplasticity research

Blind spots: Regulatory fragmentation; limited standardization of psychotherapy component; risk of ketamine becoming the treatment rather than catalyst

Therapeutic voice: Last week you kept coming back to 'none of it is solid.' Let's stay there. What have you been treating as solid?

PSIP

Philosophical roots: Merleau-Ponty (embodied consciousness); Porges (polyvagal theory: autonomic defense states); Levine (somatic experiencing: completing survival responses); van der Kolk (body keeps the score); Bowlby (attachment as organizing principle); psychodynamic transference theory

Blind spots: No controlled outcome research; proprietary training model without external accreditation; requires the therapist to have their own embodied practice training and is not safely improvised without it; reliance on cannabis as primary medicine complicates legal and clinical standards; apprenticeship structure creates potential dual-relationship concerns; strong theoretical claims outpace empirical evidence

Therapeutic voice: You just turned your head away from me. Don't correct it, let the movement keep going. Where does it want to take you? I'm not going anywhere, and I'd like you to keep coming back to my face while it happens.

Choosing between them

KAP and PSIP both sit within the Psychedelic tradition — they share a worldview about what suffering is and how change happens. Differences are more often about technique and emphasis than about underlying theory.

For deeper coverage: see the full KAP and PSIP pages, or use the interactive comparison tool to add more modalities to this comparison.