Training Directory
What it actually takes to learn each approach.
Certification requirements, hours, costs, and direct links to training organizations for 148 modalities. Costs and hours are approximate and may vary by region, provider, and training pathway.
36
Graduate Training
Can practice with standard graduate clinical training and supervision.
51
Workshop Training
Additional workshop or short training program recommended before clinical use.
61
Dedicated Training Program
Requires a structured multi-day or multi-phase training program.
112
With Direct Links
Training organizations linked directly.
| Modality | Level | Requirements | Certification | Hours | Cost | Training |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12-Step Facilitation Integrative | ✓ Graduate | Manualized protocol from Project MATCH. Manual study + supervised practice sufficient | No formal certification | Manual study; optional workshop 8-16 hrs | Minimal | — |
| ACT Cognitive-Behavioral | ✓ Graduate | Graduate training + self-study. Workshops deepen experiential skills. Therapist psychological flexibility emphasized | ACBS offers trainer designation (not therapist cert) | Workshop: 16-24 hrs | $500-2K | |
| Adlerian Therapy Psychoanalytic | ✓ Graduate | Graduate coursework in Adlerian theory + supervised practice | No formal certification; NASAP professional development | Graduate coursework + optional workshops | Minimal | — |
| Behavioral Activation Cognitive-Behavioral | ✓ Graduate | Graduate training sufficient. Well-manualized (Martell et al.) | No formal certification | Graduate coursework + manual study | Minimal | — |
| Buddhist Psychology / Contemplative Psychotherapy Contemplative | ✓ Graduate | Graduate coursework + personal contemplative practice. Meditation practice essential | No certification; Naropa offers MA | Graduate coursework + sustained practice | Graduate program or workshop costs | |
| CBT Cognitive-Behavioral | ✓ Graduate | Standard graduate training includes CBT. Certification available for advanced practice | A-CBT certification; Beck Institute training levels | Graduate coursework; A-CBT: 200+ hrs supervised | $1K-3K for certification | |
| CBT-I Cognitive-Behavioral | ✓ Graduate | Graduate training in CBT; additional specialized training in CBT-I protocols recommended for clinical use | CBSM and CBT-I specific training through AASM, UPenn, and other programs | Variable; workshop training common (8–16 hrs) plus supervised practice | $500–2K for specialized training | |
| Common Factors / Contextual Model Integrative | ✓ Graduate | Knowledge of psychotherapy research; no specific training | N/A | N/A | N/A | — |
| Contingency Management Behavioral | ✓ Graduate | Graduate behavioral principles training sufficient. Implementation requires institutional infrastructure | No formal certification | Graduate coursework + implementation 4-8 hrs | Minimal training; incentive budget costs | — |
| Dual Process Model of Grief Integrative | ✓ Graduate | Theoretical framework, not protocol. Graduate coursework sufficient | No certification; theoretical model | Graduate coursework + reading | Minimal | — |
| Existential Psychotherapy Existential | ✓ Graduate | Graduate coursework in existential theory + supervised practice. Depth from philosophical reading | No certifying body | Graduate coursework + reading/consultation | Minimal | |
| Feminist Therapy Social Justice | ✓ Graduate | Graduate multicultural/feminist coursework. No formal certification. Philosophical and political competency | No certifying body | Graduate coursework + ongoing development | Minimal | — |
| Focusing Expressive | ✓ Graduate | Training workshops (Level 1-6). Accessible entry. Can be learned by non-therapists | International Focusing Institute — Certified Focusing Professional | Level 1-4: ~48 hrs; certification: additional | $500-3K | |
| IPNB Integrative | ✓ Graduate | Framework. Graduate neuroscience coursework + Siegel's works sufficient | No certification; Mindsight Institute | Self-study + workshops: 16-40 hrs | $500-2K | |
| Life Review Therapy Humanistic | ✓ Graduate | Graduate gerontology or aging coursework; life review therapy protocol training (Haight model or similar); personal comfort with end-of-life material | No formal certification; training through gerontological society workshops and continuing education | 1-2 day workshop; self-study of protocol sufficient for basic competency | $200-800 for workshop training | — |
| Logotherapy Existential | ✓ Graduate | Graduate existential coursework + Frankl's works. Viktor Frankl Institute offers training | Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy | Graduate coursework + optional 40-100 hrs | $1K-5K | |
| Motivational Enhancement Therapy Humanistic | ✓ Graduate | 4-session manualized MI protocol from Project MATCH. MI training + manual sufficient | No formal certification | MI training 16-24 hrs + manual study | $500-1.5K | — |
| Motivational Interviewing Humanistic | ✓ Graduate | Graduate training + self-study sufficient. Workshop training + coaching deepens proficiency | MINT (for trainers only) | Workshop: 16-24 hrs; ongoing coaching | $500-2K | |
| Multimodal Therapy Integrative | ✓ Graduate | Graduate integrative coursework + BASIC I.D. framework. Self-study sufficient | No active certification | Self-study; graduate coursework | Minimal | — |
| Narrative Therapy Postmodern | ✓ Graduate | Graduate training + workshops. No formal certification required | Dulwich Centre offers intensives; no certification | Graduate coursework + workshops | $500-3K for intensives | |
| Person-Centered Therapy Humanistic | ✓ Graduate | Standard graduate training covers core conditions. Deepening via experiential workshops | No formal certification required | Graduate coursework; workshops 16-40 hrs | Minimal | — |
| Pluralistic Therapy Integrative | ✓ Graduate | Graduate degree in counselling/psychotherapy | No formal certification body yet | ~100 hrs training + supervised practice | $1K-2.5K | |
| Polyvagal-Informed Therapy Somatic | ✓ Graduate | Framework, not protocol. Graduate training + Porges/Dana reading sufficient | No certification; Polyvagal Institute workshops | Self-study + workshops: 8-24 hrs | $200-1K | |
| Problem-Solving Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral | ✓ Graduate | Graduate training + manual study. Straightforward and well-manualized | No formal certification | Graduate coursework + manual; optional 8 hrs | Minimal | — |
| Process Group Therapy Existential-Humanistic | ✓ Graduate | Graduate degree in mental health field | AGPA certification available | ~200+ hrs supervised group facilitation | $1K-3K for AGPA training programs | |
| Psychological First Aid Crisis | ✓ Graduate | Online training available free through NCTSN | NCTSN certificate of completion | 6-8 hrs | Free | |
| REBT Cognitive-Behavioral | ✓ Graduate | Graduate CBT training provides foundation. Albert Ellis Institute offers REBT-specific training | Albert Ellis Institute — REBT certification levels | Primary: 18 hrs + supervised sessions | $500-3K | |
| Relational-Cultural Therapy Social Justice | ✓ Graduate | Graduate multicultural coursework + RCT workshops | No formal certification | Graduate coursework + workshops 16-40 hrs | $500-2K | — |
| Safety Planning Crisis | ✓ Graduate | Brief intervention from manual and brief training. Should be competency for all clinicians | No certification; free training available | 2-4 hrs | Free-$100 | |
| Seeking Safety Cognitive-Behavioral | ✓ Graduate | Manualized for broad dissemination. Manual is self-contained | No formal certification | Self-study; optional 2-day training | $500-1K | |
| SFBT Postmodern | ✓ Graduate | Graduate training often covers SFBT. Workshop training deepens skills | SFBTA offers training; no formal certification | Graduate coursework; optional workshops 8-24 hrs | Minimal | |
| Supportive Psychotherapy Psychoanalytic | ✓ Graduate | Graduate training covers core principles. Baseline clinical competency | No certification | Graduate coursework and supervised practice | Minimal | — |
| Transpersonal Psychology Existential | ✓ Graduate | Graduate coursework. Framework, not protocol. Programs at Sofia University, Naropa, CIIS | No specific certification | Graduate coursework + personal practice | Graduate program costs | — |
| Unified Protocol Cognitive-Behavioral | ✓ Graduate | Well-manualized transdiagnostic CBT. Graduate CBT training + manual sufficient | No formal certification; BU Center for Anxiety trainings | Graduate coursework + manual; optional workshop 8-16 hrs | Minimal | — |
| Worden's Task Model of Mourning Integrative | ✓ Graduate | Framework for grief, not a protocol. Graduate coursework sufficient | No certification; foundational knowledge | Graduate coursework | Minimal | — |
| Written Exposure Therapy Trauma-Focused | ✓ Graduate | 5-session manualized protocol. Graduate trauma training + manual sufficient | No formal certification | 4-8 hrs; manual study | Minimal | — |
| Accelerated Resolution Therapy Trauma-Focused | ◆ Workshop | ART Basic Training (3 days). Licensed mental health professional required | ART International | Basic: 24 hrs; advanced available | $1.5K-2.5K | |
| Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | ACT training helpful foundation; ABBT-specific protocol training through Roemer and Orsillo workshops or self-study of treatment manuals | No formal certification; training through ACBS and workshop programs | 2-3 day workshop plus supervised cases | $500-1500 for workshop training | — |
| Adaptive Disclosure Trauma-Focused | ◆ Workshop | Training through Litz and colleagues. Combat-specific trauma. Three wound types | No formal certification; military-affiliated centers | 16-24 hrs + supervised military cases | $1K-2.5K | — |
| Behavioral Couples Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | Graduate training in couples therapy; BCT/IBCT workshop training recommended | No standalone BCT certification; AAMFT and similar credentials cover couples therapy broadly | Workshop training: 2-4 days; supervised couples cases required | $500-2K for workshop training | — |
| Brief Strategic Family Therapy Family Systems | ◆ Workshop | BSFT training + supervised cases. Manualized through NIDA | University of Miami BSFT Program | 3-5 days + consultation | $1K-3K | |
| CAMS Crisis | ◆ Workshop | CAMS training (1-2 day workshop). SSF-based framework for suicidal clients | CAMS-care offers role-based training | 8-16 hrs; proficiency: supervised cases | $300-1.5K | |
| CBASP Integrative | ◆ Workshop | CBASP training workshop + supervised practice. Disciplined personal involvement technique | McCullough Foundation | 16-24 hrs + supervised cases | $1K-2K | |
| CBT-E Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | CBT-E training through CREDO at Oxford. Web-based and in-person available | CREDO online training | Online: 20+ hrs; workshop: 2-3 days + supervised cases | $500-2K | |
| CBTp Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | CBT foundation + psychosis-specific adaptations. Training 2-5 days + supervision | No single body; Beck Institute CBTp track | 16-35 hrs + supervised cases | $1K-3K | |
| Circle of Security Family Systems | ◆ Workshop | COS-P facilitator training (4-day certification); COS-Home Visiting requires additional advanced training; supervised practice with families | COS-P Certified Facilitator | COS-P: 4-day training (approximately 32 hrs); advanced certification: additional supervised cases | $800-2K for COS-P facilitator training | |
| Collaborative Therapy Humanistic | ◆ Workshop | Advanced training in postmodern and systemic therapies; personal experience in dialogical practice | No formal certification; training at Houston Galveston Institute and affiliated programs | Variable; integrated into systemic and postmodern therapy training | Variable by program | |
| Community Reinforcement Approach Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | CRA-specific workshop training; CRAFT training available through Robert Meyers' program; MI training helpful foundation | No formal certification; CRAFT training through CRAFT Institute | 2-3 day workshop for CRA; separate CRAFT training 2-3 days | $500-1500 for workshop training | |
| Compassion-Focused Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | CFT workshops + supervised practice. Foundation 2-3 days. Builds on CBT + evolutionary psychology | Compassionate Mind Foundation | Foundation: 16-24 hrs; advanced additional | $500-2K | |
| Compassionate Mind Training Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | Mental health professional background | CMTUK accreditation pathway | ~40-80 hrs training | $800-2K | |
| Complicated Grief Treatment Integrative | ◆ Workshop | CGT training workshop + supervised cases | Center for Complicated Grief (Columbia) | 20+ hrs training | $1K-3K | |
| CPT Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | CPT workshop (2 days) + consultation calls. Well-manualized. VA dissemination | Official CPT trainers; VA credentialing | 16 hrs + consultation | $1K-2.5K | |
| Discernment Counseling Couples | ◆ Workshop | Discernment Counseling training (Doherty Institute) | Doherty Institute certification | 24 hrs + consultation | $2K-4K | |
| EFT Tapping Integrative | ◆ Workshop | Open to licensed and unlicensed practitioners (controversial) | EFT Universe certification; ACEP membership | ~30-60 hrs for certification | $500-1.5K | |
| Ego State Therapy Psychoanalytic | ◆ Workshop | Training building on hypnotherapy or EMDR foundation | No single certifying body | 16-40 hrs + supervised practice | $500-2K | — |
| EMBARK Psychedelic | ◆ Workshop | EMBARK foundational training (open access online); EMBARK Certified Facilitator program for clinical trial contexts | EMBARK Certified Facilitator | Open-access foundational course: ~4 hrs; full certification: intensive training with supervision | Open-access course: free; certification training: varies by program | |
| Emotion Regulation Therapy Integrative | ◆ Workshop | ERT workshop training + supervised practice | Mennin/Fresco training program | 24+ hrs | $1K-3K | |
| Emotionally Focused Individual Therapy Attachment | ◆ Workshop | EFIT builds on EFT. EFT Externship recommended prerequisite | ICEEFT offers EFIT-specific training | 2-4 days; prerequisite: EFT Externship | $1.5K-3K | |
| ERP Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | Graduate CBT training + specialized ERP for OCD training. IOCDF resources | BTTI through IOCDF | BTTI: 3 days + supervised ERP cases | $1K-3K | |
| FBT / Maudsley Family Systems | ◆ Workshop | FBT training workshop (2-3 days) + supervised cases. Comfort with families and ED medical monitoring required | Various training centers; no single body | 16-24 hrs + supervised cases | $1K-3K | |
| Filial Therapy Humanistic | ◆ Workshop | Filial therapy training (typically 2-3 day workshop) + supervised practice | CPRT (Child-Parent Relationship Therapy) certification available | 20-30 hrs + supervision | $1K-3K | |
| Flash Technique Trauma-Focused | ◆ Workshop | Flash training workshop (1-2 days). EMDR or trauma processing background recommended | No formal certification; authorized trainers | 8-16 hrs | $300-800 | |
| Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | FAP-specific training workshops; ACT background helpful; supervision with FAP-competent clinician recommended | No formal certification; training through ACBS (Association for Contextual Behavioral Science) and FAP-specific workshops | 2-3 day workshop plus supervised practice; competency-based rather than hour-based | $500-1500 for workshop training | |
| IBCT Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | IBCT training workshop + supervised couples cases. Builds on behavioral couples therapy | No formal certification | 16-24 hrs + supervised cases | $500-2K | — |
| iCBT Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | CBT training plus familiarity with specific platform; some programs offer clinician training in iCBT delivery | Platform-specific; no universal iCBT certification | Variable by platform | Platform access varies; some are free for clinicians | — |
| IFS Family Systems | ◆ Workshop | IFS Level 1 (6 days). Highly experiential. Can begin using IFS after Level 1 with supervision. Certification optional | IFS Institute — certification optional | Level 1: ~42 hrs | $2.5K-4K per level | |
| Imagery Rehearsal Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | General CBT training plus IRT-specific workshop or self-study; relatively accessible | No formal certification; training available through workshops and published materials | 1-2 day workshop sufficient for competent delivery | $200-800 for workshop training | — |
| IPT Integrative | ◆ Workshop | IPT training workshop (2-3 days) + supervised cases. Well-manualized | ISIPT offers certification | 16-24 hrs + supervised cases | $1K-3K | |
| Metacognitive Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | MCT workshop (2-3 days) + supervised practice. Distinct from standard CBT | MCT Institute — practitioner diploma | Foundation: 16-24 hrs; diploma additional | $1K-3K | |
| Morita Therapy Contemplative | ◆ Workshop | Limited English-language training. Established in Japan. Requires understanding of Japanese cultural psychology | Japanese Morita Therapy Association; limited Western cert | Workshop + supervised practice | $500-2K | — |
| Naikan Therapy Eastern-Influenced | ◆ Workshop | No formal Western prerequisites; intensive retreat format in Japan | No Western certification body | Intensive: 7-day silent retreat; ongoing: weekly practice | $500-2K for retreat programs | |
| Narrative Exposure Therapy Trauma-Focused | ◆ Workshop | NET training workshop (5 days). Designed for refugees and organized violence survivors | Vivo International | 35-40 hrs + supervised cases | $1.5K-3K | |
| NLP Integrative | ◆ Workshop | No clinical degree required for NLP certification (controversial). Multiple competing organizations with varying standards. Not recognized as psychotherapy by most regulatory bodies. | Multiple competing bodies: ANLP, ABNLP, SNLPt, NLP University. No unified standard. | Practitioner: ~120 hrs; Master Practitioner: additional ~120 hrs; Trainer: additional | $2K–8K per level depending on provider | — |
| Prolonged Exposure Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | PE workshop (4 days) + consultation calls. Manualized (Foa et al.) | UPenn Center for Treatment and Study of Anxiety; VA dissemination | Workshop: 28 hrs + 6 months consultation | $1.5K-3K | |
| Prolonged Grief Disorder Treatment Integrative | ◆ Workshop | PGD treatment training through Columbia. 16-session manualized protocol | Center for Prolonged Grief (Columbia) | 16-24 hrs + supervised cases | $1K-3K | |
| Psychedelic Harm Reduction & Integration (PHRI) Psychedelic | ◆ Workshop | Fluence PHRI program, MAPS integration training, Sage Institute, or equivalent. Requires comfort with non-ordinary states and harm reduction framework. No prescribing or substance administration involved | No formal certification; Fluence and others offer completion certificates | Fluence PHRI: ~24 hrs over 12 weeks; other programs vary | $1K-3K | |
| Relational Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic | ◆ Workshop | Graduate psychodynamic training + relational theory. Many analytic programs are relational | No specific certification; analytic institutes offer relational tracks | Graduate/postgraduate + supervised cases | Varies by institute | — |
| Rumination-Focused CBT Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | CBT training as prerequisite | No formal certification body | ~20-40 hrs specialist training | $500-1.5K | |
| Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychoanalytic | ◆ Workshop | Graduate psychodynamic coursework + workshops in specific model | No single certifying body | 40-100 hrs workshop + supervised cases | $1K-5K | — |
| Sound Therapy / Therapeutic Sound Expressive | ◆ Workshop | Various programs (singing bowl, gong, tuning fork). Not regulated as psychotherapy | Multiple organizations; no single standard | 40-200 hrs | $1K-5K | — |
| STAIR Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | STAIR/NST training workshop. Phase-based trauma treatment | No formal certification | 16-24 hrs + supervised cases | $1K-2K | |
| Strategic Family Therapy Family Systems | ◆ Workshop | Graduate family therapy coursework + workshops in strategic techniques | No single certification; MRI lineage | Graduate coursework + workshops 24-40 hrs | $1K-3K | — |
| Structural Dissociation Trauma-Focused | ◆ Workshop | Advanced trauma training. Framework for phase-based treatment. ISSTD offers training | ISSTD trainings; no specific certification | Graduate trauma coursework + ISSTD workshops 20-40 hrs | $1K-3K | |
| Structural Family Therapy Family Systems | ◆ Workshop | Graduate family therapy coursework + workshops in structural techniques | No single certification; Minuchin Center | Graduate coursework + workshops 24-40 hrs | $1K-3K | — |
| TF-CBT Cognitive-Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | TF-CBT Web (free, 10 hrs) + live consultation. For children/adolescents | TF-CBT certification through MUSC | Web: 10 hrs; certification: web + 2-day live + consultation + cases | Free-$2K | |
| Trauma-Sensitive Yoga Somatic | ◆ Workshop | TCTSY Facilitator Training through the Trauma Center Training Institute; yoga teacher training recommended as foundation | TCTSY-F (Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga Facilitator) | TCTSY: 20-hr foundational training; advanced modules available | $500-1500 for foundational training | |
| Triple P Behavioral | ◆ Workshop | Level-specific accreditation through Triple P International | Triple P International — level-specific | 1-5 days per level | $500-2K per level | |
| ABA Behavioral | ★ Dedicated | Master's degree + approved coursework (270+ hrs) + supervised fieldwork (2,000 hrs) + board exam | BACB — BCBA | Master's + 270 hrs coursework + 2,000 hrs fieldwork + exam | Degree + exam fees | |
| Advanced Integrative Therapy Somatic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician. Multi-level structured training through Asha Clinton and AIT trainers. Level 1 prerequisite for higher levels. | AIT practitioner listing upon completion of multi-level training | Level 1–3: multiple workshops building sequentially | $1K–4K across levels | |
| AEDP Psychoanalytic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician or intern. Tiered pathway: Immersion (foundational) → Essential Skills (intermediate) → Advanced Skills + supervision (advanced). Full certification requires multi-year commitment. | AEDP Institute — tiered levels (Level 1–3), then AEDP Certified Therapist and Certified Supervisor | Immersion: 3–4 days; Essential Skills: 10-session series; full certification: multi-year with supervision (15–30+ hrs) | $1.5K–3K per course level; full certification path estimated $8K–15K+ including supervision | |
| Analytical Psychology Psychoanalytic | ★ Dedicated | Jungian analytic training (4-6 years). Personal analysis, supervised cases, thesis required | IAAP — Certified Jungian Analyst | 2,000+ hrs including analysis, supervision, seminars, thesis | $50K-100K+ | |
| Art Therapy Expressive | ★ Dedicated | Master's in art therapy from CAAHEP-accredited program. Specific graduate training required | ATCB — Registered Art Therapist (ATR); Board Certified (ATR-BC) | Master's (60+ credits) + 1,000+ supervised clinical hrs | Degree program costs | |
| Attachment-Focused EMDR Trauma-Focused | ★ Dedicated | Completion of EMDR Basic Training (Part 1 & 2) required as prerequisite. Then AF-EMDR specific training through Parnell Institute (Laurel Parnell). | Parnell Institute — AF-EMDR certification pathway. Requires EMDR basic training (already level 3) + AF-EMDR specific training + supervision. | EMDR basic: 50+ hrs; AF-EMDR specific: 20–30 hrs additional; supervision additional | $2K–4K total (EMDR basic + AF-EMDR training) | |
| Bioenergetic Analysis Somatic | ★ Dedicated | Training through IIBA or local affiliate. Multi-year including personal bioenergetic therapy | IIBA — Certified Bioenergetic Therapist | 4-6 year program, 600+ hrs | $10K-25K | |
| Biofeedback Somatic | ★ Dedicated | Bachelor's degree minimum in healthcare field. BCIA certification pathway. Didactic training + supervised clinical practice + board exam. | BCIA — Board Certified in Biofeedback (BCB). Also: BCN (Neurofeedback), HRV-B certificate, PMDB. Requires 48 hrs didactic (biofeedback) or 36 hrs (neurofeedback) + anatomy/physiology course + supervised clinical sessions + written exam. | BCB: 48 hrs didactic + 50 patient sessions + 10 case conferences + mentoring. BCN: 36 hrs didactic + 100 sessions + 25 hrs mentoring. | Didactic courses: $1,295–2,000; exam fee $275; equipment $1K–10K+ depending on modality; total certification path $3K–8K+ excluding equipment | |
| Brainspotting Trauma-Focused | ★ Dedicated | Licensed mental health professional. Sequential phase training (Phase 1 prerequisite for all subsequent phases). Developed by David Grand. Phases build progressively through 5 levels. | No formal certification — phase completion tracked by Brainspotting trainers but voluntarily self-reported. Completion of Phase 1 allows clinical use; subsequent phases deepen skill. | Phase 1: ~21 hrs (3 days); Phases 2–5 each ~21 hrs. Full training path: 100+ hrs across all phases. | $500–800 per phase; full 5-phase path: $2.5K–4K | |
| Character-Analytic Vegetotherapy Somatic | ★ Dedicated | Historical modality. No direct Reichian programs. Body therapy training essential | No active certification; IIBA for Bioenergetics covers lineage | Multi-year body therapy training | See Bioenergetic Analysis | — |
| Child-Parent Psychotherapy Attachment | ★ Dedicated | CPP Learning Collaborative (18 months). Supervised cases with children 0-5 and caregivers | NCTSN; CPP Learning Collaborative certification | 18-month collaborative + supervised cases | $3K-8K | |
| Clinical Hypnotherapy Integrative | ★ Dedicated | Licensed health professional (psychologist, physician, social worker, counselor, dentist, nurse). Training through ASCH (American Society of Clinical Hypnosis) or SCEH (Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis). | ASCH — Certification in Clinical Hypnosis: basic workshop (20 hrs) + advanced workshop (20 hrs) + 20 hrs consultation + 2 years clinical practice with hypnosis + examination. | ASCH: 40 hrs workshop training + 20 hrs consultation + 2 years practice minimum | $1.5K–4K for workshop training; consultation fees additional; certification application ~$250 | |
| Coherence Therapy Integrative | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician. Training through Coherence Psychology Institute (Bruce Ecker). Multi-level program building from fundamentals through advanced practice. | Coherence Psychology Institute — practitioner listing upon multi-level completion | Level 1: 14 hrs; full multi-level program substantially more | $500–3K across levels | |
| Contextual Therapy Family Systems | ★ Dedicated | Advanced family therapy training; personal therapy and supervision recommended; no standardized certification pathway | No formal certification; training through systemic therapy programs | Integrated into family therapy training | Variable within graduate and postgraduate training | — |
| Craniosacral Therapy Somatic | ★ Dedicated | Varies by level — healthcare providers, massage therapists, bodyworkers. Upledger Institute tiered pathway. Clinical application in psychotherapy context requires appropriate scope of practice. | Upledger Institute — CST Technique certification (CST-T), CST Diplomate (CST-D). Tiered levels building sequentially. Full diplomate: 200+ hrs. | CST1: 24 hrs; CST2: 24 hrs; full certification path 200+ hrs across multiple courses | $800–1,200 per course level; full certification path $4K–8K+ | |
| Dance/Movement Therapy Expressive | ★ Dedicated | Master's in dance/movement therapy from ADTA-approved program | BC-DMT (Board Certified Dance/Movement Therapist); R-DMT (Registered) | Master's + 3,640 hrs supervised practice for BC-DMT | Graduate degree | |
| Daseinsanalysis Existential | ★ Dedicated | Advanced philosophical foundation in Heidegger and phenomenology. Training through International Federation of Daseinsanalysis-affiliated institutes. Multi-year commitment typical of analytic training programs. | International Federation of Daseinsanalysis — certification through affiliated institutes | Multi-year program at affiliated institutes; personal Daseinsanalysis required | Varies by institute and region; comparable to analytic training ($5K–15K+) | |
| DBT Cognitive-Behavioral | ★ Dedicated | DBT Intensive Training (2 parts, 5 days each). Consultation team required for comprehensive DBT. DBT-LBC certification optional | DBT-LBC certification optional | Intensive: 10 days + implementation between parts | $3K-6K for Intensive | |
| DBT for Adolescents Cognitive-Behavioral | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician. DBT foundation required (Behavioral Tech or equivalent intensive training) plus adolescent-specific adaptations. Implementation typically requires a DBT consultation team. | DBT-LBC (Linehan Board of Certification) can include adolescent specialty. Behavioral Tech offers intensive training + ongoing consultation. | 40+ hrs didactic + supervised cases; DBT foundation training: 5–10 day intensive | $2K–5K for training; team consultation model adds ongoing costs | |
| EFT for Couples Attachment | ★ Dedicated | EFT Externship (4 days) is entry point. Can practice after Externship with supervision. Core Skills deepens competency. ICEEFT certification optional | ICEEFT certification optional | Externship: ~28 hrs; Core Skills: ~56 hrs | $2K-3K for Externship | |
| EMDR Trauma-Focused | ★ Dedicated | EMDR Basic Training (50+ hrs over two parts with practicum). Can practice after Basic Training. EMDRIA certification is optional credentialing | EMDRIA certification optional | Basic Training: 50+ hrs | $2K-4K for Basic Training | |
| Emotion-Focused Therapy Humanistic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician. Two certification bodies: ICEEFT (Sue Johnson, couples/individual/family) and isEFT (Leslie Greenberg, individual/couples). Both require multi-phase training + supervised practice + video submission. | ICEEFT — Certified EFT Therapist (EFCT/EFIT/EFFT): Externship (4 days) + Core Skills (4 × 2-day workshops over ~1 year) + 8–16 hrs supervision + video submission. Application fee CAD $600. isEFT — 5 levels (A through E): Level A (basic, 8 days) → Level B (supervised practice, 16 hrs) → Level C (certified, video submission). | ICEEFT: Externship 28–30 hrs + Core Skills ~56 hrs + supervision. isEFT: 8+ days basic + 16+ hrs supervision. Full certification: 2+ years. | Externship: $1.5K–2.5K; Core Skills ~$3K–4K; supervision additional; total certification path $5K–10K+ | |
| Feldenkrais Method Somatic | ★ Dedicated | Open enrollment; no clinical degree required | Feldenkrais Guild certification | ~800 hrs over 3-4 years | $10K-15K total | |
| FFT Family Systems | ★ Dedicated | Organizational adoption required. Multi-phase training + ongoing consultation + fidelity monitoring | FFT LLC — organizational model | Initial training + weekly consultation + fidelity reviews | Organizational licensing | |
| Gestalt Therapy Humanistic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician. Multi-year part-time institute training (typically 2–4 years). Highly experiential — personal Gestalt therapy required. Multiple institutes worldwide (Pacific Gestalt Institute, Gestalt Institute of Cleveland, Gestalt Institute of the Rockies, etc.). | Various Gestalt institutes — Certificate in Gestalt Psychotherapy. PGI certification requires minimum 220 hrs training + 50 hrs personal Gestalt therapy + 75 hrs supervision + examination series. | 220–500 hrs over 2–4 years depending on institute. GI Cleveland: 18 months. GI Rockies: 4 semesters (232 contact hrs). PGI: multiyear, 5 weekends/year. | $2,150–2,880/year (Indianapolis, Rockies); GI Cleveland $9,800–10,500 full program; PGI $2,300/year; full certification path $8K–15K+ | |
| Gottman Method Integrative | ★ Dedicated | Licensed mental health professional (Level 3 and certification). Tiered system: Level 1 → Level 2 → Level 3 Practicum → Certification Track. Levels 1–2 open to all; Level 3+ requires licensure. | Gottman Institute — Certified Gottman Therapist (CGT). Requires Levels 1–3 + 2 comorbidity trainings + consultation + video submission for review. ~65% pass rate on first video submission. Typically 2–3 years from Level 1. | Level 1: 2 days (~14 hrs); Level 2: 2 days (~14 hrs); Level 3: 3–4 days (~19 hrs); certification track: ongoing consultation | Level 1: $425–550; Level 2: $425–550; Level 3: $650–800; bundle (L1–3): ~$1,900; full certification: $5K–8K total including consultation | |
| Hakomi Somatic | ★ Dedicated | Hakomi Comprehensive Training (Level 1: ~150 hrs over 12-18 months). Experiential and relational. CHP certification optional | Hakomi Institute — CHP optional | Level 1: ~150 hrs | ~$1.2K for Level 1 | |
| Holotropic Breathwork Psychedelic | ★ Dedicated | Grof Transpersonal Training (GTT) certification; personal experience as both breather and sitter required | Certified Holotropic Breathwork Practitioner (GTT) | GTT: 600+ hrs over multiple years including personal sessions, facilitation practice, theory, and group process | $8K–15K+ for full GTT certification | |
| Imago Therapy Integrative | ★ Dedicated | Imago Clinical Training (multi-part workshop series). Personal Imago work required | Imago Relationships International — Certified Imago Therapist | 90+ hrs + supervised cases | $3K-8K | |
| Interpersonal Process Group Therapy Humanistic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician. AGPA (American Group Psychotherapy Association) CGP (Certified Group Psychotherapist) pathway. Requires graduate coursework + extensive supervised group leadership + participation in process group. | AGPA — Certified Group Psychotherapist (CGP): 12 hrs didactic + 300 hrs group leadership + 75 hrs supervision. National Registry of Certified Group Psychotherapists. | 387+ hrs minimum (12 didactic + 300 leadership + 75 supervision). Multi-year process. | $2K–5K for training; supervision fees additional; AGPA membership and application fees | |
| ISTDP Psychoanalytic | ★ Dedicated | Core training (40-60 hrs), then immersion with video review. Ongoing consultation required | IEDTA | Core: 40-60 hrs; proficiency: 200+ hrs | $5K-15K | |
| KAP Psychedelic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed mental health professional or prescriber. KAP requires a therapeutic triangle (therapist + prescribing physician + patient), so training paths differ for therapists vs. prescribers. No single governing body — multiple established training organizations exist, cross-recognizing each other's foundational modules. KRIYA Institute (kriyainstitute.com) maintains a curated directory of training programs. | No single certifying body. Certificates available from established programs including: Fluence (fluencetraining.com) — Professional Certificate in KAP via Essentials prerequisite + 12-week specialty course, CE credits available; Polaris Insight Center (polarisinsight.com) — modular program (Modules 1–5 + Practice Module, 8 CE hrs each, $350–375/module) plus 5-day experiential retreats and 1–2 year certificate pathway; PRATI (pratigroup.org) — Fort Collins, CO; Alchemy Community Therapy Center (alchemytherapy.org) — Oakland, CA; Ketamine Training Center (theketaminetrainingcenter.com) — founded by Phil Wolfson, includes Dharma K experiential retreats. Polaris cross-accepts Module 1 from PRATI, KTC, KRIYA, and Sage. | Varies by program. Fluence: Essentials + 12-week specialty. Polaris: foundational series (6 modules, ~48 CE hrs) + advanced/special topics + experiential retreats; full cohort pathway is 52 hrs over 5 months. Full certificate programs: 1–2 years including consultation. | Polaris modules: $325–375 each (+ $79 for CEs); full cohort: inquire; experiential retreats additional. Fluence: Essentials + KAP specialty bundle (inquire for current pricing, intro bundle $375). Consultation fees typically $75–150/session across programs. | |
| Lacanian Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic | ★ Dedicated | Training through affiliated Lacanian schools. Personal analysis essential. Study of seminars required | Various Lacanian schools; no unified certification | Multi-year + personal analysis + supervised cases | $20K-50K+ | |
| Lifespan Integration Trauma-Focused | ★ Dedicated | LI Level 1 (3 days), then Level 2, Level 3. Licensed MH professional required | Lifespan Integration LLC — LI Certified Therapist | Level 1: 21 hrs; Level 2: 21 hrs; cert: additional consultation | $500-700/level; $2K-4K total | |
| MBCT Cognitive-Behavioral | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician with CBT competency. Personal mindfulness practice (1+ year daily practice) and MBCT participation as prerequisite. Training through Oxford Mindfulness Centre, UC San Diego, or equivalent. | Oxford Mindfulness Centre, UC San Diego, and other recognized programs offer teacher training and certification pathways. | 6–12 months formal teacher training; prerequisite: 1+ year personal mindfulness practice + MBCT group participation | $3K–8K for teacher training; retreat costs additional | |
| MBSR Integrative | ★ Dedicated | Must complete MBSR as participant first. Extensive personal mindfulness practice (1+ years daily practice) before entering teacher training. Graduate degree in relevant field recommended. | UMass Center for Mindfulness — Certified MBSR Teacher. Brown University Mindfulness Center also offers pathway. Multi-phase: Teacher Advancement Intensive (TAI) + supervised teaching + certification review. | 200+ hrs formal training over 12–18 months; prerequisite: years of personal practice + MBSR participation | $5K–12K for teacher training pathway; retreat costs additional | |
| MDMA-Assisted Therapy Psychedelic | ★ Dedicated | Not FDA-approved (2025). MAPS Training for research/expanded access. Co-therapist model | MAPS training program; regulatory evolving | Core: 80-120 hrs + supervised sessions | $5K-10K | |
| Mentalization-Based Tx (MBT) Psychoanalytic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician. Training through Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families or affiliated programs. Basic introductory course + practitioner-level training. | Anna Freud Centre — MBT Practitioner. Basic training (3–5 days) is introductory; practitioner level requires 1–2 years of training with supervised practice and case consultation. | Basic: 35 hrs; practitioner level: 1–2 years including supervision and consultation | $2K–8K depending on level and location | |
| Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention Contemplative | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician with addiction treatment experience. Personal mindfulness practice required. MBRP facilitator training through UW team (Bowen, Chawla, Marlatt). | UW MBRP team — facilitator training. Personal practice prerequisite similar to MBSR/MBCT teacher training. | 5 days intensive + personal practice commitment + supervised group facilitation | $1.5K–3K for training; retreat/practice costs additional | |
| MST Family Systems | ★ Dedicated | Organizational licensure required. 5-day training + ongoing weekly consultation + fidelity monitoring | MST Services (MUSC) — organizational model only | 5-day initial + weekly consultation ongoing | Organizational licensing | |
| Music Therapy Expressive | ★ Dedicated | Degree in music therapy from AMTA-approved program. Board certification required | CBMT — Music Therapist-Board Certified (MT-BC) | Degree + 1,200 hrs clinical + board exam | Degree program costs | |
| NARM Somatic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed mental health professional or grad intern. Two training orgs: NARM Training Institute (narmtraining.com) and Complex Trauma Training Center (complextraumatrainingcenter.com). Path: NARM-Informed Professional (intro) → Therapist Training (4 modules, 120 CE hrs) → Master Therapist Training (102 CE hrs). Certificate requires additional case consults, experiential consults, and active coaching. | NARM Therapist Certificate (via CTTC or NARM Training Institute); NARM Master Therapist (advanced) | NARM-Informed Professional: 4 modules × 3 days (~78 hrs); Therapist Training: 4 modules (120 CE hrs); Master Therapist: 3 modules (102 CE hrs) | NARM-Informed Professional: ~$1,576; Therapist Training: ~$4K–5K; Master Therapist: additional; plus consult fees ($75–150/session, min 20 required) | |
| Neurofeedback Somatic | ★ Dedicated | BCIA certification pathway; extensive supervised training required; significant equipment investment | BCIA Board Certified in Neurofeedback (BCN) | BCIA: 36 hrs didactic + 100 hrs supervised practice + mentorship | $3K-8K for training; $10K-30K+ for equipment | |
| Open Dialogue Postmodern | ★ Dedicated | Open Dialogue training program (1-3 years). Dialogical and systemic foundation required | Open Dialogue UK; Finnish programs; Institute for Dialogic Practice | Foundation: 1 year; full: 3 years | $5K-15K | |
| PCIT Behavioral | ★ Dedicated | 40-hour training + ongoing consultation. Must complete 2 cases to criterion | PCIT International certification | 40-hr training + 2 complete cases + consultation | $2K-4K | |
| Play Therapy Humanistic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed mental health professional. APT (Association for Play Therapy) Registered Play Therapist (RPT) pathway. Requires graduate coursework in play therapy + extensive supervised hours. | APT — Registered Play Therapist (RPT): 150 hrs play therapy coursework + 350 hrs supervised play therapy experience. RPT-S (Supervisor): additional requirements. | 500+ hrs total (150 coursework + 350 supervised). Multi-year process. | $3K–8K for coursework; supervision fees additional; APT registration fees ~$150/year | |
| Positive Psychotherapy Humanistic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician. Training through WAPP (World Association for Positive and Transcultural Psychotherapy) international network. Limited US availability. | WAPP — Certified Positive Psychotherapist. Multi-year training program through affiliated centers worldwide. | Multi-year training program; introductory workshops available | Variable by country; US workshops $500–2K; full certification path varies | |
| Primal Therapy Somatic | ★ Dedicated | Historical modality with ethical concerns. Limited contemporary training available. International Primal Association disbanded. | No active certification body | Multi-year personal primal therapy historically required | Variable; limited programs remain | — |
| Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy Psychedelic | ★ Dedicated | Not yet FDA-approved at federal level. Oregon (Measure 109, operational 2023) and Colorado (Prop 122, implementation in progress) have created state-regulated facilitator pathways with approved training curricula. Multiple pathways exist: (1) state-licensed facilitator (OR/CO) through programs with state-approved curricula, (2) clinical psychedelic therapy training for licensed clinicians (CIIS, IPI, ATMA), (3) research-context training. Some programs serve both states; others are state-specific. | Oregon: OHA-approved training program → state facilitator license. Colorado: DORA Natural Medicine Division → facilitator certification. Clinical: CIIS Certificate in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies & Research; IPI year-long training. No federal certification pathway. | State facilitator programs: 120–200+ hrs (varies by program), typically including didactic, experiential, practicum, and supervised components. CIIS certificate: multi-semester. IPI: year-long. | Facilitator programs: $5K–15K+ depending on program. CIIS: graduate tuition rates. State licensing fees additional. | |
| PSIP Psychedelic | ★ Dedicated | Licensed mental health professional. PSI Apprentice program: cohorts of 3, receiving own medicine sessions + observing live sessions + integration work. | PSI certificate (proprietary — no external accrediting body) | Estimated 200+ hrs across apprentice levels | $15K-30K+ | — |
| Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic | ★ Dedicated | Psychoanalytic institute training (4-7 years), personal analysis required | APsaA; IPA member institutes | 2,000+ hrs didactic + 300+ supervision + personal analysis | $40K-100K+ | |
| Psychodrama Expressive | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician recommended. ABE (American Board of Examiners) certification pathway. Requires primary trainer (TEP) and secondary trainer (TEP). Year-long supervised practicum. | ABE — Certified Practitioner (CP): 780 hrs training + 52-week supervised practicum + 40 supervision sessions + written and on-site exam. TEP (Trainer/Educator/Practitioner): additional 3+ years, 144 hrs training others, 48 hrs consultation. | CP: 780 hrs training + practicum year. Supervised Practitioner (SP): 300 hrs. Full TEP: years beyond CP. | Training workshop costs vary by trainer ($200–500/weekend); exam prep courses ~$290–340; total certification path $5K–15K+ over several years | |
| Reality Therapy / Choice Theory Cognitive-Behavioral | ★ Dedicated | Open to counselors, educators, managers. William Glasser Institute/Glasser Institute for Choice Theory multi-stage certification. Requires Basic Intensive Training Week, practicum period, and Certification Week. | William Glasser Institute — Certified Reality Therapist (CRT). Basic Intensive Training Week → 18-month practicum with supervision → Certification Week + examination. | Basic Week (~30 hrs) + 18 months supervised practicum + Certification Week (~30 hrs) | $2K–5K for full certification path | |
| RO-DBT Cognitive-Behavioral | ★ Dedicated | RO-DBT Intensive Training (10 days over 2 parts). DBT or CBT background required | Radically Open LLC | Intensive: 70+ hrs + consultation | $3K-5K | |
| Sandtray Therapy Expressive | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician or Jungian analyst (for sandplay). Two distinct traditions: Sandtray Therapy (directive, various certifications) and Jungian Sandplay (ISST). | ISST (International Society for Sandplay Therapy): 100+ hrs training + personal sandplay process + supervised cases. Other organizations offer sandtray-specific certificates. | ISST: 100+ hrs formal training + ongoing personal process + supervision. Non-Jungian sandtray: 40–100 hrs. | $3K–8K for ISST certification path; materials (sand tray, miniatures) $500–2K+ additional | |
| Schema Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral | ★ Dedicated | Licensed clinician with CBT foundation. ISST (International Society of Schema Therapy) certification pathway. Structured training program with didactic, experiential, and supervision components. | ISST — Standard Certification: 40 hrs didactic + 20 hrs supervision + 5 supervised cases with video. Advanced Certification: additional requirements. Supervisor/Trainer tracks available. | Standard: 40 hrs didactic + 20 hrs supervision + supervised cases = multi-year process | $3K–8K for standard certification path including training workshops and supervision | |
| Sensorimotor Psychotherapy Somatic | ★ Dedicated | SPI training (Level 1: Trauma, 18 days over 12 months; Level 2: Developmental). Certification optional | SPI — certification optional | Level 1: ~126 hrs; Level 2: ~126 hrs | $5K-8K per level | |
| Somatic Experiencing Somatic | ★ Dedicated | SE Professional Training (3-year, 6-module program). Personal sessions and supervised practice required. SEP designation upon completion | SEI — SEP designation upon completion | 36 training days + 18 personal sessions + 12 supervision sessions over 3 years | $8K-14K total | |
| Theraplay Attachment | ★ Dedicated | Licensed mental health professional. Theraplay Institute tiered training (Level I–IV). Experiential, attachment-based play therapy for children and families. | Theraplay Institute — Certified Theraplay Therapist. Requires Level I–IV completion + supervised cases + video submission. | 40+ hrs across Levels I–IV; supervision additional | $2K–5K for training levels; supervision additional | |
| Transactional Analysis Integrative | ★ Dedicated | Graduate-level training. Multi-year program through ITAA-affiliated institutes. Personal TA therapy required. Four fields of application: psychotherapy, counseling, education, organizations. | ITAA — Certified Transactional Analyst (CTA). Requires 4+ years training, personal TA therapy, supervised practice, written exam, and oral/practical exam. | 4+ year program; 600+ hrs training and supervision | $5K–15K+ over full certification path; varies by institute and region | |
| Transference-Focused (TFP) Psychoanalytic | ★ Dedicated | Intensive training in structural interviewing and TFP technique. Object relations foundation required | TFP Institute (Cornell) | 2-year program, weekly supervision | $5K-12K |
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